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The vegetation succession of abandoned villages in České středohoří Mts.
Staňková, Markéta ; Novák, Jan (advisor) ; Prach, Martin (referee)
The České středohoří mts. is a mountain range with an interesting geological history and rich history of the 20th century. The mountain range is of volcanic origin, and despite the relatively steep hills and high altitude, it was densely populated. The population of this territory was mainly of German origin, German-speaking and the territory was part of the so-called Sudetenland. After the World War II, the German population was displaced, and a large part of the villages disappeared despite efforts of repopulation. The landscape used to form a mosaic which is now disappearing. In the areas of the former Sudetenland, the expansion of secondary forests at the expense of original fields and meadows is a common condition, as in other places in Europe or North America. Secondary succession is a phenomenon that is influenced by several factors, such as soil moisture, nutrient content or degree of shading. Thanks to the higher pH of the subsoil and the higher nutrient content, the villages have more ruderal and nitrophilous species than the surrounding ancient/continual forests. The historical way of farming has a significant influence on the landscape, and the question is to what extent this influence is irreversible. This bachelor's thesis is a literary research about successional vegetation of...
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Hippotourism in Central Bohemian Uplands
Slabochová, Vendula ; Psohlavec, Lukáš (advisor) ; Turčová, Ivana (referee)
Title: Hippotourism in České Středohoří (Central Bohemian Uplands) Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to survey the offer of service in territory of České středohoří (Central Bohemian Uplands) Methods: This study is comparing opinions and experiences of 3 woman, who is included in hippotourism in this area. They were answering to the half- structured interview. The second part of study was fasted on inquiry of service in horse tourism. Respondents were answering to short questionary with closed answers. This questionary was based on possibilities and satisfaction with momentarily services in this area. Results: It was found that all interviewed stables are offering horseback riding for beginners and advanced riders. One of the stables offers also mediation of veterinary and farrier services. Another offered service in all stables is stabling itself, in boxes or in a grazing form. Two of the stable owners offer accomodation in apartments, third owner offers camping in tents or in the open-air. All stable owners and also 9 of 15 respondents, would appreciate update of the maps of hippotouric routes in the Central Bohemian Uplands. The questionaire survey found, that 60% of riders would pay between 400-500 CZK for 2 hours of horseback riding. Interviewees also use next services offered by the stable owners,...
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Impact of volcanic activity on environment and climatic conditions during geological history of the České středohoří Mts.
Zajícová, Jana ; Kvaček, Zlatko (advisor) ; Teodoridis, Vasilis (referee)
The influence of volcanoes on climate is very often debated, not only in the scientific community. However, the question remains, how much may the volcanic activity contribute to the significant ganges, that could cause a response of environment, which lies in the immediate vicinity. These changes could arise as a response on prolonged exposure of the negative influence, which would last much longer than decades, like it is at present. From this reason the situation in the České středohoří Mountains, where the volcanic activity lasted for several million years during the Paleogene period, is studied. This area is extraordinally rich in deposits of so-called volcanic floras, which accompany the neovolcanic activity. The age of the localities are between late Eocene to late Oligocene and it is a long time enough for recognizing some changes in the floristic composition to help elucidate the given problem.
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Crystal and molecular structure study of garnets from selected localities of the České středohoří Mts.
Píšová, Barbora ; Skála, Roman (advisor) ; Laufek, František (referee)
Major and minor element contents of garnets from mantle peridotites and eclogites brought to the surface by volcanic rocks of the České středohoří Mts. were determined by an electron probe microanalyzer. Garnets are homogenous and their chemical composition corresponds to solid solution containing 65-71 % pyrope, other end members significantly present are almandine, uvarovite and grosulare. This method also help to discover polyphase inclusions chemically corresponding to amphiboles (pargasite, cummingtonite, magnesio-hornblende and katophorite). Next to amphiboles following minerals were found in inclusions: omphacite, carbonates, phlogopite, clinochlore, olivine, apatite, spinel group minerals, and sulfidic phases potentially close to pentlandite. Samples were also analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction. Qualitative phase analysis confirmed pyrope homogeneity. The refinement of crystal structure parameters was performed by the Rietveld method. Raman microspectroscopy showed shifts of individual bands in the Raman spectra compared to those of pure pyrope. Position of bands in spectra differs due to the substitution of Ca for Mg at the dodecahedral sites of the structure. Mutual positive correlations among elements Cr, Ca, Mg, Al, Si, Mn, Ti and Na were observed. Correlations were found also between...
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Crystal chemistry of pyralspite garnets
Soumar, Jan ; Skála, Roman (advisor) ; Ulrych, Jaromír (referee)
Bohemian garnets have been known as a jewellery stone for many centuries. There is still a lot of interest in them, however, the reserves in traditional locations are getting smaller. That is why search for alternative source of similar garnets in gem quality started. Shavaryn Tsaram deposit in Mongolia is considered as one of the potential sources. Pyrope samples from eight Bohemian localities of two areas (České středohoří [The Central Bohemian Uplands] and Podkrkonoší [The Giant Mountains]) and from Shavaryn Tsaram deposit in Mongolia were analysed using electron microprobe, LA-ICP-MS, ICP-OES, Mössbauer spectroscopy and x-ray powder diffraction. The data were compared with the conclusion that the Mongolian garnets from Shavaryn Tsaram deposit are so different from the Bohemian ones that it will not be possible to use them as a gem material of similar qualities. Bohemian garnet can be characterised as a red garnet with refraction index 1.747 (+/- 0.001) with dominant pyrope component of the average composition Py78Alm17Gr5 and Cr2O3 content above 1 wt.%. The data were also evaluated from two classification schemes point of view. The schemes by Schulze (2003) and Grütter (2004) are used in determining source materials and in diamond prospection. According to them source rocks of Bohemian garnets...
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The České středohoří Mountains - Cultural Landscape
Štefaniková, Jana ; Procházka, Lubomír (advisor) ; Štěpánová, Irena (referee) ; Drápala, Daniel (referee)
Thesis "The České Středohoří Mountains - Cultural Landscape" deals with the territory of the České Středohoří Mountains' Protected Area as the landscape of settlements, namely settlements of rural character. Based on the field research, the basic characteristics of vernacular architecture in that territory are described and selected influences, that completed local villages' rural construction, are depicted. The thesis also provides evidence of regional interest in the national history and geography of the České Středohoří Mountains, especially in rural construction and urbanism. This interest in the national history and geography is discussed in the context of the development of Czech and German national emancipation. The entire work put emphasis on the period from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Crystal chemistry of micas from České středohoří
Goll, Jan ; Skála, Roman (advisor) ; Ulrych, Jaromír (referee)
Six methods have been used to study micas from České středohoří mts.: X-ray difractometry (transmission and reflection), ICP MS, electron microprobe, Mössbauer spectroscopy and termogravimetry. The measurements of trace elements and REE's revealed very low tendency by normalization on chondrite reservoir and primitive mantle. Micas show high contents of TiO2 (9,47 wt.%) and BaO (up to 2,1 wt.%) in separated grains from rock. The micas classifications were determined by Tischendorf (2007) and Rieder (1998) as Fe-phlogopites. X-ray powder diffraction revealed cell dimensions and a common polytype 1M with space group C2/m. By Mössbauer spectroscopy have been studied the rates of Fe2+ /Fe3+ and they were 1,08 - 1,86 (except rock sample, which were 9:1). Termogravimetrical measurement until 1450řC revealed weight jump from 1120řC to 1270řC.
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Development of cultural landscape in the western part of the České středohoří Mts.
Kyselka, Jan ; Lipský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Skaloš, Jan (referee)
The main aim of this thesis is assessment of land use changes from half of the 19th century to present in the western part of the České středohoří Mts. Changes in land use categories proportion, development of ecological stability of landscape, development of land use diversity and influence of physical-geographic conditions on land use changes were assessed. The second aim is assessment of abandoned land occurrence in the area. All abandoned lands were mapped and then relationship between abandoned lands occurrence and physical-geographic conditions was assessed. Key words: landscape development, land use, abandoned lands, old maps, České středohoří Mts.
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Influence of understory light on diversity and composition of forest vegetation in the České Středohoří Mts.
Macek, Martin ; Kopecký, Martin (advisor) ; Černý, Tomáš (referee)
Light is essential component of forest ecosystem, as limited light availability in forest-floor restricts herb and tree seedlings growth. Importance of light availability for maintaining plant species diversity and community structure wasn't sufficiently evaluated in the Czech Republic. This study focus on the ecological relevance of light availability on both landscape and local scale. Relationship of light to cover, diversity and species composition was quantified in the thesis. Dominant tree species affected light availability and its spatial variability. Light availability was along the soil reaction and slope most influential factor for large-scale species diversity. Within-site light variability affected plant diversity more than soil reaction variability. Measuring light by means of hemispherical photography seems to be an appropriate for studies like this. Light availability influnence on community compostition is weak in comparison with other environmental gradients.
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Agricultural management in protected areas: case study of České středohoří
Lonský, Milan ; Jančák, Vít (advisor) ; Kučera, Zdeněk (referee)
The thesis deals with verification of ownership and size structure and specialization of individual farms in the protected landscape area České středohoří. In mountainous and remote areas, the structure of smaller (family) farms is generally predominant, focusing on livestock production rather than crop production. Right at the PLA and mountain areas we can expect different types of agricultural activity compared to other areas of the Czechia. The aim of this thesis is to verify this assumption on the natural conditions of the monitored area of the protected landscape area of České středohoří, where it can be assumed that the structure of individual enterprises will be rather a type of family farms and small enterprises. Keywords: ecological agriculture, protected landscape area, PLA, LPIS, LIFE, ArcGIS, land use, RUIAN.
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